<p>White Bluff, also known as Ecor Blanc, is a historic site located along the Tombigbee River in Demopolis, Alabama. It is a chalk cliff, roughly one mile long, that is composed of a geological layer known as the Demopolis Chalk Formation, part of the Selma Group. The upper portions of the cliff stood almost 80 ft above the river before the construction of the Demopolis Lock and Dam downriver. It now averages about 30 ft above the river.</p><br>
<p>White Bluff was first named Ecor Blanc by 18th century French explorers and map makers. It also became known as the Chickasaw Gallery because early Native American inhabitants harnessed their boats at the foot of the cliff. It was the site where French Bonapartist refugees landed in 1817 and established their Vine and Olive Colony. White Bluff is the site for the main event of the annual Christmas on the River festival.</p><br>
<p>The Foscue–Whitfield House, best known as the Foscue House, is a historic Federal style plantation house just outside the city limits of Demopolis, Alabama, United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Foscue House was built in 1840 by Augustus Foscue as the family residence for his plantation. In 1855 Augustus&#39; daughter, Mary Alice Foscue, married Dr. Bryan Watkins Whitfield, son of the builder of Gaineswood. Augustus died in 1861 and the house was inherited by Mary and her husband. The house has remained in the Whitfield family to the present day and was recently restored by a descendant.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The house is two and a half stories and built with handmade brick. It features a five-bay facade at the front elevation and a gabled roof. A new brick addition was built onto the front of the house in 1849, requiring the removal of a two-tiered, columned entrance portico. A smaller columned entrance portico was added at that time. The full-width front porch with a hipped roof was added in 1920 by Jesse Whitfield, grandson of the builder, replacing the portico from 1849.</p><br>
<p>Ashe Cottage, also known as the Ely House, is a historic Carpenter Gothic house in Demopolis, Alabama. It was built in 1832 The house is one of only about twenty remaining residential examples of Gothic Revival architecture remaining in the state. Other historic Gothic Revival residences in the area include Waldwic in Gallion and Fairhope Plantation in Uniontown. Ashe Cottage was added to the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage on August 22, 1975, and to the National Register of Historic Places on 19 October 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Ashe House is given as one of four examples of the paired-gable subtype of Gothic Revival houses in A Field Guide to American Houses (1984). It is noted as having "very delicate lace-like porches and vergeboard details." Paired gables appear in about five percent of Gothic Revival houses in America.</p><br>
<p>The Curtis House, also known as the Howze-Culpepper House, is a historic house in Demopolis, Alabama, United States. It is a brick structure that was built in 1840 by Samuel Curtis, a Revolutionary War veteran who was born in Queen Anne&#39;s County, Maryland in 1751 and died in Marengo County, Alabama in 1846. The house was built in the Federal style, with the later addition of a Greek Revival influenced portico. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on 11 April 1977.</p><br>
<p>The Museum of Newport History is a history museum in the Old Brick Market building in the heart of Newport, Rhode Island, United States. It is owned and operated by the Newport Historical Society at 127 Thames Street on Washington Square. The building, designed by noted 18th-century American architect Peter Harrison and built in the 1760s, is a National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Brick Market is a three-story brick structure with a low hip roof. Its ground floor has round-arch openings, which were historically open but have mostly been glassed over. The upper level bays are separated by large pilasters with Ionic capitals, with a dentillated cornice below the roof. The second floor windows are rectangular sash, topped by alternating gable and segmented-arch pediments. The third floor windows are square, with a simpler molded surround. The interior has been extensively altered over time, with little historic material surviving.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Brick Market was designed by Peter Harrison, a major architect working in the British colonies during the 18th century. Harrison based the Georgian design on a part of the 17th century design of Somerset House by Inigo Jones, altering the building material from stone to brick, and replacing Jones&#39; Corinthian capitals with those of the Ionic order.</p><br>
<p>Construction of the building was authorized by the city in 1761 and begun in 1762, but the merchant proprietors ran out of money after finishing just the first level, and the city took the project over, roofing that level. The building was not completed until 1772. As a traditional British style market house (like Bostons Faneuil Hall), the buildings first level was an open-air arcade that served as a marketplace for various goods. Profits from the building went into a city fund for the establishment of a granary.</p><br>
<p>The upper levels of the hall have seen a variety of uses. In the later years of the 18th century it housed a printing operation, and was eventually converted into a theatre. In 1842 it began to be used as town hall, and the third floor was removed, replaced by galleries around the sides and rear. It served as Newport&#39;s city hall between 1853 and 1900. In the late 1920s the building was subjected to an extensive rehabilitation under the auspices of restorationist Norman Isham. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1968, and designated a National Historic Landmark in 1968. It is also a contributing element of the Newport Historic District, also a National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<p>The building is now owned by the Newport Historical Society. It houses a museum detailing Newport&#39;s history from pre-colonial times to the Gilded Age and beyond. Exhibits include the printing press of James Franklin, the figurehead from the yacht Aloha, and a sword given as a gift by the Marquis de Lafayette to Daniel Lyman.</p><br>
<p>The Folgers Coffee Company Building is a historic mid-rise office building located at 101 Howard Street in the Financial District, San Francisco.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The five-story plus basement, Renaissance Revival style building was originally built in 1904 as the headquarters of J. A. Folger & Company, and remained the main offices of the company until 1963 when Folger&#39;s Coffee was purchased by Procter & Gamble. As described by its NRHP designation, it is, “unusual and noteworthy in that the building survived both of the major San Francisco earthquakes in 1906 and 1989.” One reason for this is that it was, “constructed on wooden pilings that were driven into San Francisco Bay fill to a depth of about forty feet, with a steam driven pile driver.”</p><br>
<p>On August 2, 2011, The Folger Building was purchased by the University of San Francisco, for almost $37 million. This marked the return of the university&#39;s downtown roots. It has no LEED certification, as is typical of buildings from its time, and has 83,500 square feet of rentable office space.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 21, 1996.</p><br>
<p>The John Ballantine House is a historic house museum at 49 Washington Street in the Washington Park section of Newark, Essex County, New Jersey, United States. Built in 1884 to a design by George Edward Harney and little altered since 1900, it was the home of Jeannette Boyd  and John Holme Ballantine , the son of Peter Ballantine, founder of the Ballantine beer brewery. The house was designated a National Historic Landmark for its architecture, and for the completeness of the documentary record accompanying its construction and alteration. It is now owned and managed by the Newark Museum, and is open to the public for tours.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Ballantine House stands on the west side of Washington Street in Newark, facing Washington Park near its southern edge. It is a three-story masonry structure, built out of salmon-colored Philadelphia pressed brick with sandstone trim and a truncated hip roof. It has an asymmetrical five-bay facade, with a projecting central bay topped by a gable. The left bays have sash windows under shared lintels, while the upper-level right-side windows are set independently. The ground floor right side bay has a projecting polygonal window group. The center entrance is sheltered by a stone portico with rounded arches supported by granite columns with Corinthian capitals. The interiors were provided by the New York firm of D. S. Hess Company, "decorators and manufacturers of artistic furniture". The dining room was hung with part-gilded embossed panels imitating the "Spanish" leather hangings that were popular in Holland and England in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>John Holme Ballantine became president of the Ballantine Brewery in 1883 after his father died. Ballantine died in 1895 of throat cancer.</p><br>
<p>The architect who provided designs for the house was George Edward Harney (1839–1924) of New York City. At the time of its construction, it was one of the finest of a series of grand houses to face Washington Park. It is now the only one of those left. The family retained ownership of the house until 1920, and it was acquired by the Newark Museum in 1937. The museum also acquired a complete set of bills and records for the house&#39;s construction, decoration, and alteration.</p><br>
<h2>As a museum</h2><br>
<p>At Christmas season, the house is dressed with holly and other winter greens in traditional Victorian style. A brief history of the house, by its curator Ulysses Grant Dietz, The Ballantine House, was published by the museum in 1994 to coincide with the reopening of the house, which has belonged to the Newark Museum since 1937, after a two-year four-million dollar renovation. The Ballantine House was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Pietro and Maria Botto House, also known as Pietro Botto House, at 83 Norwood Street, Haledon in Passaic County, New Jersey, United States, is where leaders of the Industrial Workers of the World  union spoke to the 25,000 striking workers of the Paterson Silk Strike of 1913.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Early 1900s</h3><br>
<p>The original owners, Pietro Botto (1864&ndash;1945) and his wife Maria Boggio (1870&ndash;1915) were both immigrants from Biella, Italy. They married in 1885 and arrived in the United States in 1892 with their first daughter, Albina. The couple lived in West Hoboken (now Union City, New Jersey) for fifteen years and had there three more daughters, Adelia, Eva, and Olga. They saved their money until they could afford to build their own home in Haledon. In 1908 they finally moved into their new home, which was large enough to accommodate the entire family and included three additional rooms on the second floor that were rented for additional income.</p><br>
<p>Pietro Botto and the couples daughters worked as weavers in that towns Cedar Cliffs mills, while Maria did some "outwork", cleaning and snipping imperfections from finished bolts of silk. In weekdays, she also served meals to boarders and working men in her dining room. As it was situated on a country hillside near the trolley line, especially on Sundays and holidays the Botto House became a popular meeting place with its bocce court, the card tables and the cooking provided by Maria and her daughters.</p><br>
<p>During the Paterson Silk Strike of 1913, Paterson&#39;s mayor refused to allow the strikers to assembly in the city. Pietro and Maria Botto, at the urging of Big Bill Haywood, invited the strike organizers to hold rallies at their home in nearby Haledon, where the workers were not on strike, counting on the support of the local socialist major William Brueckman. The Botto House became the Sunday rallying point from March 3 to the end of the strike in June. During this time Maria kept the house in order and fed the activists who addressed the crowd either from the balcony or from in front of the house. In addition to Haywood, these speakers included Upton Sinclair, Carlo Tresca, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, Adolph Lessig and Patrick L. Quinlan. Despite not being part of the strike himself, Pietro could not find work after the strike, nor could his daughter Eva, who was blacklisted. Maria got sick and died only two years after the silk strike.</p><br>
<h3>1980s - present</h3><br>
<p>Because it served as a haven for free speech and assembly for the laborers, the Botto House was placed on both the New Jersey Register of Historic Places and the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1974. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1982, the first Italian American site to be placed on the nation&#39;s most distinguished roster of historic sites.</p><br>
<p>In 1983 the Pietro and Maria Botto House opened to the public as the American Labor Museum, a non-profit 501(c) educational institution that commemorates the events of 1913 and more in general, is dedicated to "teaching the public about the history and contemporary issues of workers, the workplace, and organized labor with special attention to the ethnicity of working people." The museum features changing exhibits, restored period rooms and Old World Gardens that reflect the lifestyle of an immigrant family of the early 1900s, and a free lending library. It also offers lectures, poetry readings, teachers&#39; workshops, and other educational programs.</p><br>
<p>Each year, the American Labor Museum gives out the Sol Stetin awards, which "honor outstanding individuals for their contributions toward improving the lives of working people." Previous recipients include:</p><br>
<p>Mary Kay Henry</p><br>
<p>John Nichols (journalist)</p><br>
<p>Edward Smith (trade unionist)</p><br>
<p>James Sinegal</p><br>
<p>Loretta Weinberg</p><br>
<p>The Peterstown House is a house in Waterloo, Illinois. The saltbox building was constructed in the mid-1830s; an addition was placed on its north side around the 1860s. Emory Peter Rogers, for whom the house and surrounding neighborhood were named, was its first owner.</p><br>
<p>The house was later an inn and stagecoach stop along the Kaskaskia-Cahokia Trail, the first road in Illinois, which connected the French settlements at Kaskaskia and Cahokia.</p><br>
<p>In the late 19th century, the Peterstown House became a social hall. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 16, 1977.</p><br>
<p>Fountain Creek Bridge is a limestone arch bridge which crosses Fountain Creek near Waterloo in Monroe County, Illinois, USA. The bridge was constructed in 1849 and served as a road bridge until the 1920s, when Illinois Route 156 opened on a new bridge. During the nineteenth century, stone arch bridges were commonly built in regions with stone quarries, such as Monroe County; roughly 100 stone bridges were built in the county. The Fountain Creek Bridge is the largest remaining stone arch bridge in the county and the second-largest which was only used by road traffic in the state.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 22, 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Waterloo Historic District is a historic district composed of the majority of central Waterloo, Illinois. The district includes 271 buildings, of which 182 are contributing buildings to its historic character. The center of the district includes Waterloos town square, the site of the Monroe County Courthouse, as well as a two-block section of Main Street which forms the citys commercial core. The town square is surrounded by residential development on three sides, an unusual arrangement among small towns in Illinois. The predominant architectural styles in the residential parts of the district are local adaptations of the Federal style and a German cottage style developed by the city&#39;s German immigrants in the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The district was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 1, 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Kerr Community Center, originally called Kerr Hall, is a community center located in Bastrop, Texas, United States. The hall was a gathering spot for the African-American community of Bastrop during the time of racial segregation in the United States. The structure was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on December 22, 1978.</p><br>
<p>Kerr Community Center is a two-story wood-frame structure built in 1914 by Beverly and Lula Kerr on a lot directly behind their own home. The center hosted social events and artistic performances by black artists such as master blues pianist Roosevelt Williams, known to his fans as "Grey Ghost." During World War II, the structure served as a USO post for the black soldiers assigned to Camp Swift.</p><br>
<p>Beverly Kerr died in 1941 and Lula Kerr died in 1944. In 1946, some local citizens formed the Kerr Center Association and purchased the building from the Kerr estate. The center had an official dedication in 1952. The building received major renovations that were completed in 2007 including a small park and playground.</p><br>
<p>The Church of the Messiah, located at 114 North 3rd Street in Pulaski, Tennessee, in the United States, is an historic Episcopal church that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was built in 1887 and designed by architect George W. Quintard, the brother of Charles Quintard, the Episcopal Bishop of Tennessee.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Church of the Messiah was established in 1834.</p><br>
<p>Its current building was consecrated on December 11, 1887, by Bishop Charles Quintard. Earlier in the year, the setting of the building&#39;s cornerstone had been attended by more than 3,000 people, including four Episcopal bishops and a former governor of Tennessee, John Calvin Brown. Money for construction of the church building was donated by Brown and his wife in memory of their daughter, Daisy Brown.</p><br>
<p>The church building was added to the National Register on July 28, 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Current use</h2><br>
<p>The Church of the Messiah is an actively functioning parish in the Episcopal Diocese of Tennessee. The current Priest-in-Charge is The Rev. Jess Reeves.</p><br>
<p>The John Johnson farm is a historic home and listing on the National Register of Historic Places in Hiram Township, just west of the village of Hiram, Ohio, United States. The home, built in 1828, is a significant location in the history of the Latter Day Saint movement as the home of Joseph Smith and his family from September 1831 to March 1832. While Smith lived at the home, it served as the headquarters of the Church of Christ and was the site of several revelations to Smith and other Church leaders. The Johnson Farm is also significant as the site of the tarring and feathering of Joseph Smith and Sidney Rigdon in March 1832.</p><br>
<p>The Smiths returned to Kirtland in 1832 and the Johnsons moved to Kirtland the following year. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased the property in 1956 and began using it as a historical site. From 1971 to 2002, the adjoining farm was used to grow and process apples and strawberries as part of the Church&#39;s welfare program. The home was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 and restored to its original appearance in 2001. It continues to operate as a tourist attraction, staffed by volunteer missionaries.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>John and Mary Elsa Johnson came to Hiram with their 10 children in 1818 and bought 100 acre on both sides of modern-day Pioneer Trail. Initially, they lived in a log cabin on the south side of the road before building the colonial style house in 1828. The family used the farm to grow apples and corn, along with raising dairy cattle they used to make cheese, which was sold throughout the region and as far away as New York. The Johnsons sold the home and property to the Stevens family in 1833 when they moved to Kirtland and it was passed through four generations before being purchased by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in 1956. The home was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 and restored to its original 1828 appearance between 1996 and 2001. The restored house was rededicated by LDS Church president Gordon B. Hinckley in late 2001.</p><br>
<h2>Doctrinal developments</h2><br>
<p>Several revelations were received by Smith and other church leaders while at the Johnson Farm. Sixteen of the sections of the Doctrine and Covenants were received. Among these revelations were section 1 (the introduction) and section 76 (the vision of the degrees of glory). As part of section 76, Smith and Sidney Rigdon stated, "And now, after the many testimonies which have been given of, this is the testimony, last of all, which we give of him: That he lives! For we saw him, even on the right hand of God; and we heard the voice bearing record that he is the Only Begotten of the Father". Smith also completed part of his revision of the Bible at the Johnson home.</p><br>
<h2>Tarring and feathering of Joseph Smith</h2><br>
<p>On the night of March 24, 1832, Smith and his wife Emma were caring for their adopted twins, both of whom were sick with the measles. While Joseph was sleeping on the trundle bed on the first floor of the Johnson home, a mob of about 25 attacked him and dragged him out the front door. Smith struggled with the mob but was overcome. The mob choked him, tried to put acid in his mouth, and tarred and feathered him. When Smith got back to the house, Emma thought that the tar was blood and she fainted. Smith&#39;s friends spent the rest of the night cleaning the tar off of his body. The next day, Smith preached a sermon to a crowd which included some of the mobbers and baptized three people. One of the twin babies, the eleven-month-old boy named Joseph Murdock Smith, died four days later.</p><br>
<p>A late second-hand witness, Clark Braden, alleged that Eli Johnson—whom Braden claimed was a son of John Johnson—led the attack and that its intent was to punish Smith for a supposed improper relationship with his sister Marinda. Two other antagonistic witnesses, Hayden and S. F. Whitney, claimed that the motive was economic. However, Eli was, in fact, a brother to John Johnson (and an uncle to Marinda) and was living with the family at the time. The mob enlisted the services of a physician to castrate Smith. However, in the end, the physician refused to administer the procedure.</p><br>
<p>The George Washington Cable House is a historic house at 1313 8th Street, in the Garden District of New Orleans, Louisiana. Built in 1874, it was the home of George Washington Cable , an American writer who described Creole life, during the period in which he rose to national prominence.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Cable House is located on the Garden District&#39;s west side, on the east side of Eighth Street between Chestnut and Coliseum Streets. As it is under new construction and restoration, the house is visible from the street and no longer blocked from view by hedges. It is functionally a two-story house, although it was built by Cable as a single-story structure with a full-height basement. Columns in front of the facade provide an arcade on the basement level, and support the porch of the main level. Bracketed posts support the roof above the porch. The house was built by Cable in 1874, shortly after the publication of "Sieur George", the short story that brought him national attention.</p><br>
<p>The house was Cables home until 1884, a time period which saw the publication of The Grandissimes: A Story of Creole Life, an ambitious historical romance, and a number of other important works. Mark Twain is said to have been one of Cables guests here. Cable moved to New England in 1884, but his writing style and content continued to be influenced by his native New Orleans.</p><br>
<p>The Kate Chopin House, also known as the Bayou Folk Museum or Alexis Cloutier House, was a house in Cloutierville, Louisiana. It was the home of Kate Chopin, author of The Awakening, after her marriage.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>The house was located on Main Street (Louisiana Highway 1) in Cloutierville, in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana. The home was built by the town&#39;s founder, Alexis Cloutier and was constructed using a combination of handmade brick, hand-hewn cypress boards, and bousillage. Its construction, done through the use of slave labor, dated to between 1806 and 1813.</p><br>
<p>Kate Chopin moved here with her husband Oscar and their five children in 1879. Her sixth child, a daughter named Lélia, was born here shortly after the family&#39;s arrival. Oscar set up a general store and ran the business end of the family plantation. Shortly after their arrival in Cloutierville, he inherited a quarter of the family property.</p><br>
<p>Chopin would later describe the neighborhood in her 1891 short story "For Marse Chouchoute" as "two long rows of very old frame houses, facing each other closely across a dusty roadway". Neighbors, mostly of French-Creole descent, did not approve of Chopin&#39;s fashion and tendency to smoke cigarettes, play cards, and go for walks alone. Local gossip also suggested that Chopin lifted her skirt higher than necessary when walking, showing her ankles.</p><br>
<p>Kate Chopin only lived here for about four years when her husband died. Oscar Chopin had suffered from malaria and overdosed on quinine, leading to his wife Kate to take over the business. However, she soon left the home and relocated to St. Louis, Missouri by mid-1884 to be with her mother. She left her sons with the family of her husband in Cloutierville.</p><br>
<p>Chopin used some of her experience in the town for inspiration for several of her writings, including Bayou Folk, A Night in Acadie, and The Awakening.</p><br>
<h2>Modern history</h2><br>
<p>The house was opened as a museum in 1979. Though the building was restored, the wainscoting was original, as were many of the glass panes. A collection of Chopin artifacts was displayed in one of the basement rooms. The museum, known as the Bayou Folk Museum (in part because of Chopin&#39;s book of the same name), was run by the Association for Preservation of Historic Natchitoches.</p><br>
<p>The house was destroyed in a fire on October 1, 2008. Though the cause of the fire was not determined, the home&#39;s destruction inspired the use of preventative measures at other historic structures in Louisiana. Its National Historic Landmark designation and National Register of Historic Places listing were withdrawn in December 2015.</p><br>
<p>The Historic Park Inn Hotel and City National Bank are two adjacent commercial buildings located in downtown Mason City, Iowa, United States which were designed in the Prairie School style by the renowned architect Frank Lloyd Wright. Completed in 1910, the Park Inn Hotel is the last remaining Frank Lloyd Wright-designed hotel in the world, of the six for which he was the architect of record. The City National Bank is one of only two remaining Frank Lloyd Wright-designed banks in the world. It was the first Frank Lloyd Wright-designed project in the state of Iowa, and today carries both major architectural and historical significance. In 1999, the Park Inn Hotel was named on the Iowa Historic Preservation Alliance&#39;s Most Endangered Properties List.</p><br>
<p>The Park Inn Hotel was the third hotel designed by Wright and served as the prototype for Midway Gardens in Chicago and the Imperial Hotel, Tokyo, which was torn down in 1968.</p><br>
<p>In 1907, when law partners James E. Blythe and J. E. E. Markley were looking for an architect to compete in quality with the eight-story bank building that would be built across the corner, they didnt hesitate to give the commission to Frank Lloyd Wright, a young architect who was building a reputation in the Chicago area. For them Wright would build a complex, multi-purpose building that would give them multiple income streams. Their law offices would be on the second floor of the buildings narrower central waist and the hotels east wing, surrounded on the south by a two-story banking room with rental office space above. On the north would be a 42-room hotel, with basement shops beneath the bank and hotel. Wright managed to pack all these functions into an aesthetically well-integrated building that architecturally would be the bridge between Wrights Prairie School period and his Midway Gardens and the Imperial Hotel to follow.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>Wrights drawings of the bank and hotel are dated from as early as December 17, 1908. Construction began on April 1, 1909, with supervision by Wright until his departure for Europe in late October of that year. At that time, architect William Drummond, from Wrights Oak Park Studio in Oak Park, Illinois, took over supervision of the construction. During his subsequent visits, Drummond was commissioned to design a Prairie style home for a prominent Mason City family, not far away.</p><br>
<p>The law office of developer-owners Blythe and Markley opened for business on August 29, 1910, with the gala opening of the new hotel and bank buildings, two weeks later, on September 10. A month later, Wright returned to the Midwest from his year in Europe.</p><br>
<p>Despite its glossy, up-to-date appeal and choice location, just west of Mason City&#39;s primary downtown intersection of Federal Avenue and State Street, overlooking Central Park from the south, the Park Inn Hotel struggled through a relatively short life. The building had simply cost too much, and the return on investment was simply too little. During its first ten years, the hotel seldom made a profit. By 1922, the business was barely afloat, and the restaurant was closed more than it was open. Then, just when things could hardly get worse, disaster struck.</p><br>
<p>Nearby, overlooking Central Park from the west, the regal, stylish, 250-room Hotel Eadmar was newly-completed, and now open for business. The 250-room Eadmar, four massive stories of Edwardian elegance and comfort, made a powerful statement. On the other hand, with just 43 rooms, the Park Inn had very little to say. No longer stylish, now regarded as strictly second-class, the Park Inn couldn&#39;t compete. It soon went bankrupt, and closed for good in 1925.</p><br>
<p>Adding insult to injury, 1925 also saw the closure and liquidation of the City National Bank. It was quickly absorbed by another local bank, which, just a few months later, would itself fail. The nationwide farming crisis had, for Mason City, led to a banking crisis as well. By the end of 1925, four of the city&#39;s five banks had failed.</p><br>
<p>By early 1926, the worst seemed to be over. That year, the former City National Bank building and the former Park Inn Hotel, were sold, but as separate properties. The old bank building underwent an extensive, quite unsympathetic remodeling, then reopened as a new commercial venture in 1928. As for the Park Inn, the two upper floors were clumsily converted into small, cheap apartments. No longer a hotel, the building was renamed. in honor of its world-renown architect, becoming the Frank Lloyd Wright Apartments East and West.</p><br>
<p>For the next 45 years, the once-charming Park Inn would be anything but charming. The ground floor had hosted a multitude of different businesses - for a brief period, in the early 1970s, it had even been a strip club - and the two floors above were now cramped, dreary, just-getting-by apartments, the renters who chose them couldnt afford to be choosy. The building, in decline for years, now began to deteriorate. Finally, in 1972, the few remaining tenants were served notice, then were sent packing.</p><br>
<p>For the next 25 years, the building stood empty. Derelict and neglected, city residents and city leaders fretted, fussed, fumed, and fought about what to do with the dingy, shabby, all-too-conspicuous eyesore. Even the cachet of the architects name meant little or nothing. In Mason City, most people didnt really know who Frank Lloyd Wright was, and those who did know didnt really care. Almost everyone knew, and most agreed, that the building wasnt really worth saving.</p><br>
<p>What almost no one knew, however, was that the Park Inn had been the only remaining hotel in the world designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, who, even years after his death, retained almost a legendary status as an architect. What&#39;s more, Wright had designed only six hotels to begin with - and five had long since been demolished. Now, the wrecking ball appeared to be taking aim at Number Six. Only then did Mason City realize what they had on their hands - and how very close they were, even then, to not having it at all.</p><br>
<p>Suddenly, seemingly overnight, Mason City had an architecturally, culturally, and historically significant treasure on their hands. But what they didnt have on their hands was much money, or much time. This realization became something of a call to arms. The people had to take action, to find the money, then to take the time to restore the Park Inn to its former glory. If they didnt, it would soon be out of their hands.</p><br>
<h2>Renovation</h2><br>
<p>The Park Inn Hotel received a complete interior and exterior renovation thanks to numerous grants, as well as coordination at the local level. This included a comprehensive restoration of the brick and terra-cotta façade, replacement of the art glass skylight windows, and a complete interior reconstruction.</p><br>
<p>Wright on the Park, Inc., the organization overseeing the work, purchased the adjacent City Bank Building and reunited the Park Inn Hotel with the City National Bank. The bank building was refitted with an elevator and provides six additional rooms for the hotel; the old bank lobby is now a hotel ballroom.</p><br>
<p>The restoration was completed in September 2011. It builds on Mason City&#39;s rich architectural heritage, which includes a history deep in Prairie School architecture from not just Wright, but many of his associates who built in Mason City, including Walter Burley Griffin, Marion Mahony Griffin, William Eugene Drummond, and Francis Barry Byrne.</p><br>
<p>Woodland Plantation, in West Pointe à la Hache, Louisiana, is a historic building and a former plantation house. It is located at 21997 Louisiana Highway 23 in West Pointe à la Hache, in Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana. This sugar plantation was once worked by enslaved people. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since June 18, 1998.</p><br>
<p>The St. Patrick&#39;s Catholic Church was moved to the grounds of the Plantation in 1998 in order to preserve it. The church is also listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Woodland Plantation is depicted in A Home on the Mississippi, an 1871 lithograph; which later was licensed for use on the label of Southern Comfort after Prohibition ended. Privately owned, the location has most recently operated as a bed and breakfast.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>Since the 1930s, the image on the label of Southern Comfort has been a rendering by Alfred Waud of Currier & Ives&#39; A Home on the Mississippi, depicting Woodland Plantation. In 2010, Southern Comfort was rebranded and the company dropped the plantation image from the label.</p><br>
<p>Celebrity guests have included Jason Statham, Rosie Huntington-Whiteley, and Snoop Dogg.</p><br>
<p>Courthouse and Lawyers&#39; Row is a National Historic Landmark District in the center of Clinton, Louisiana. Encompassing the individually listed East Feliciana Parish Courthouse and a series of five law office buildings located 12216 to 12230 Woodville Road, it represents a unique assemblage of law-related high quality Greek Revival buildings. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places and declared a National Historic Landmark on May 30, 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Clinton, Louisiana, has been the parish seat of East Feliciana Parish since its establishment in 1824. The East Feliciana Parish Courthouse is centrally located, occupying a city block bounded by St. Helena, Bank, Liberty, and Woodville Streets. It is a handsome Greek Revival brick building, with white plaster walls and an octagonal cupola atop its hip roof. The entire building is encircled by Doric colonnade. It was built in 1840 to a design by J.S. Savage.</p><br>
<p>Across Woodville Street from the courthouse are arrayed five single-story Greek Revival buildings, all of which have historically house law offices. Four of the five were also built in the 1840s, resulting in a distinctive collection of law-related Greek Revival buildings. The fifth law office was built in 1860, and is also Greek Revival despite the style having passed out of fashion by then. The block is framed by a private residence on the left and a two-story brick building, formerly a Masonic lodge, on the right. The law offices and the lodge all have columned porticos, four columns for the single-unit buildings, and seven for the wider buildings that have two offices.</p><br>
<p>The Church Street East Historic District is a historic district in the city of Mobile, Alabama, United States. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on 16 December 1971. Since a boundary increase on 13 January 1984, it is roughly bounded by Broad, Conti, Water, Claiborne, and Canal Streets. 20 April 2005 saw the further addition of 66 & 68 Royal Street to the district. The district covers 1,403 acre and contains 83 contributing buildings and one object. It contains portions of Mobile&#39;s 19th century downtown area and features government, museum, commercial, and residential structures in a variety of 19th-century styles. The buildings range in age from the 1820s to 1900 and include the Federal, Greek Revival, Renaissance Revival, Italianate, and various other Victorian architectural styles. Notable buildings include the Government Street Presbyterian Church, Barton Academy, and the Ketchum House.</p><br>
<p>Examples of architecture found within the Church Street East Historic District:</p><br>
<p>The Old Dauphin Way Historic District is a historic district in the city of Mobile, Alabama, United States. It was named for Dauphin Way, now known as Dauphin Street, which bisects the center of the district from east to west. The district is roughly bounded by Broad Street on the east, Springhill Avenue on the north, Government Street on the south, and Houston Avenue on the west. Covering 766 acre and containing 1466 contributing buildings, Old Dauphin Way is the largest historic district in Mobile.</p><br>
<p>Although most of the district contains working-class frame houses, large and ornate mansions are found along the main thoroughfares. The contributing buildings range in age from the mid-19th to the early 20th century. Architectural styles include Greek Revival, Gothic Revival, Italianate, Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, Tudor Revival, and American Foursquare.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Old Dauphin Way District is situated on portions of what was once the Price and Espejo tracts, early Spanish land grants to the west of colonial Mobile. The area began to first be developed during the 1830s and 1840s. This early development mostly comprised residential estates along the roads leading from downtown to the village of Spring Hill. These included Spring Hill Road (now Spring Hill Avenue), Spring Hill Shell Road (now Old Shell Road), and Dauphin Way (now Dauphin Street). The district was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 30, 1984.</p><br>
<p>Kate Shepard house.JPGShepard House at 1552 Monterey Place, also originally known as Monterey Place, built in the Queen Anne-style in 1897</p><br>
<p>1406 Brown Street.JPG"Canebreak" at 1406 Brown Street, built in the Colonial Revival-style in 1930 to replace an earlier antebellum house that burned</p><br>
<p>1569 Dauphin Street.JPGR.C. Macy House at 1569 Dauphin Street, built in the Gothic Revival style in 1867</p><br>
<p>1802 Old Government Street 01.jpgMission Revival-style house built in 1905 at 1802 Old Government Street</p><br>
<p>22 South Lafayette Street Mobile AL.JPGDorgan Cottage, a Creole cottage built in 1860 at 22 South Lafayette Street</p><br>
<p>Cameron-Sanders House 1001 Dauphin Street.jpgCameron-Sanders House, built in the Queen Anne-style in 1894 at 1001 Dauphin Street</p><br>
<p>The Oakleigh Garden Historic District is a historic district in Mobile, Alabama, United States. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on 13 April 1972. It is centered on Washington Square and was originally bounded by Government, Marine, Texas, and Ann Streets. A boundary increase on 30 January 1991 increased the boundaries to Rapier Avenue, Selma, Broad, and Texas Streets. The district covers 1,453 acre and contains 288 contributing buildings. The buildings range in age from the 1820s to the 1940s with most in a variety of 19th-century architectural styles.</p><br>
<p>The Lower Dauphin Street Historic District is a historic district in the city of Mobile, Alabama, United States. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 9, 1979. The district encompasses all of Dauphin Street from Water Street to Jefferson Street. It covers 551 acre and contains 736 contributing buildings. The boundaries were increased on February 19, 1982, June 30, 1995, August 14, 1998, and September 3, 2019. The buildings range in age from the 1820s to the 20th century and include the Federal, Greek Revival, Queen Anne, Italianate, and various other Victorian architectural styles.</p><br>
<p>Examples of architecture within the Lower Dauphin Street Historic District:</p><br>
<p>The Leinkauf Historic District is a historic district in the city of Mobile, Alabama, United States. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 24, 1987. It is roughly bounded by Government, Eslava, Lamar, and Monterey Streets. The district covers 1,100 acre and contains 303 contributing buildings. The buildings range in age from the 1820s to early 20th century and cover a variety of 19th- and 20th-century architectural styles.</p><br>
<p>The Campground Historic District, also known as The Campground is a historic district in the city of Mobile, Alabama, United States. Named for the Old Camp Ground, a military encampment that occupied the property during the American Civil War, this historically African-American neighborhood was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 7, 2005. It is roughly bounded by Martin Luther King Jr. Avenue, Rylands Street, St. Stephens Road, and Ann Street. The district covers 370 acre and contains 166 contributing buildings. The houses range from shotgun houses to bungalows and date from the late 19th century to the middle 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The De Tonti Square Historic District is a historic district in the city of Mobile, Alabama, United States. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 7, 1972. It is a nine-block area, roughly bounded by Adams, St. Anthony, Claiborne, and Conception Streets. The district covers 28 acre and contains 66 contributing buildings. It was named in honor of Henri de Tonti and consists mainly of townhouses built between 1840 and 1860. It includes numerous examples of the Federal, Greek Revival, and Italianate architectural styles.</p><br>
<p>Fort Sanders was a wooden fort constructed in 1866 on the Laramie Plains in southern Wyoming, near the city of Laramie. Originally named Fort John Buford, it was renamed Fort Sanders after General William P. Sanders, who died at the Siege of Knoxville during the American Civil War. This was the second fort to be named after Sanders, the first being in Knoxville, Tennessee. The fort was originally intended to protect travelers on the nearby Overland Trail from Indian attacks, but later the garrison was tasked with protecting the workers of the Union Pacific railroad when it arrived in the spring of 1868. In 1869 the town of Laramie  was created about 3 mi north of the fort. Fort Sanders became less important following the construction of Fort D. A. Russell in Cheyenne in 1868, but the War Department maintained it until 1882 when the buildings were sold.</p><br>
<h2>Layout</h2><br>
<p>The fort grounds were 223 ft by 400 ft, including a parade ground. The post was originally built for four companies, but was later expanded to accommodate six. Nearly all of the buildings were constructed of wood except for the stone guardhouse, which was built in 1869 and remains the only structure standing on the original site today. At least two additional buildings from the fort were moved to other locations in Laramie and survive today. The post Commander&#39;s quarters were moved to LaBonte Park and have been used as community center, and since 2010 the headquarters of the nonprofit food access organization Feeding Laramie Valley. Another building became the Cavalrymen Supper Club.</p><br>
<p>The James H. Dillard House is a historic house at 571 Audubon Street in New Orleans, Louisiana. Built in the 19th century, it was from 1894 to 1913 the residence of James H. Dillard , a leading white educator of African-Americans across the American South during a period of difficult race relations. It was declared a National Historic Landmark on December 2, 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The house is located in the Black Pearl neighborhood of New Orleans, on the east side of Audubon Street between St. Charles Avenue and Dominican Street. It is a roughly cruciform single-story wood-frame structure, with a main hip-roofed central section, from which other elements project to the front and rear. The front projection is gable-roofed, with a four-column neoclassical portico. The houses construction date is not known, but it has not had substantial alterations since the turn of the 20th century, the period of Dillards ownership.</p><br>
<p>James H. Dillard was a Virginia native who was educated as a lawyer, but chose to work as a teacher and school administrator. In 1891, he was appointed professor of Latin at Tulane University, and moved to New Orleans. He quickly rose in prominence in both academic and civic circles, and was invited run for mayor. He forged relations with both white and African-American academic communities during this period, when race relations were particularly difficult. By 1905, he was serving as a trustee of a number of African-American colleges, and in 1908 took over leadership of the Negro Rural School Fund. Dillard University is named in his honor.</p><br>
<p>Evergreen Plantation is a plantation located on the west side of the Mississippi River in St. John the Baptist Parish, near Wallace, Louisiana, and along Louisiana Highway 18. The main house was constructed mostly in 1790, and renovated to its current Greek Revival style in 1832. The plantation&#39;s historical commodity crop was sugarcane, cultivated by enslaved African Americans until emancipation.</p><br>
<p>The plantation operated until about 1930, when the Depression resulted in the owners abandoning the house. The plantation continued to produce sugar cane under the direction of the bank that owned it, and it is still a working sugar cane plantation today. The house was extensively restored during the 1940s, with 300,000 bricks from the demolished Uncle Sam Plantation used in the restoration.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The plantation includes 37 contributing buildings, all but eight of them built before the Civil War, making it one of the most complete plantation complexes in the state and the South. Of great significance are the 22 slave quarters, arranged in a double row along an allée of oak trees.</p><br>
<p>Among the outbuildings are a garconnière, where young bachelors of the family or male guests could stay; a pigeonnier for keeping pigeons (a sign of status among the planters); an overseer&#39;s cottage; and late</p><br>
<p>19th-century barns.</p><br>
<h2>National Historic Landmark</h2><br>
<p>Because of its quality and significance, the plantation was included among the first 26 featured sites on the Louisiana African American Heritage Trail. It was designated as a National Historic Landmark in 1992 for its rich architectural legacy. The house is open for tours every day except Sundays; tour times are at 9:30 am, 11:15 am, 1:00 pm, and 2:45 pm.</p><br>
<p>Heiress and businesswoman, Matilda Geddings Gray (1885–1971) sponsored the restoration project in the 1940s, and it is now a USA National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>It is a production site of films such as Django Unchained (2012) and Antebellum (2020).</p><br>
<p>Fort De La Boulaye Site, also known as Fort Mississippi, is the site of a fort built by the French in south Louisiana in 1699&ndash;1700, to support their claim of the Mississippi River and valley. Native Americans forced the French to vacate the fort by 1707.</p><br>
<p>The site was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1960, as part of the history of French colonization of the area. The state of Louisiana had earlier erected an historical marker, with the following text: FORT de la BOULAYE First white settlement in present-day Louisiana, erected by Bienville in 1699 on this spot (then the bank of the Mississippi), prevented Britain&#39;s seizure of the Mississippi Valley.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1698, Pierre Le Moyne d&#39;Iberville, and his brothers, Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville and Antoine Le Moyne de Châteauguay, participated in an expedition to rediscover the mouth of the Mississippi River. It could be difficult to find among the many competing bayous and waterways.</p><br>
<p>In 1699, they founded Fort Mississippi on a ridge a little more than one kilometer from the shore of the river, on the east bank, and about twenty kilometers south of the future city of New Orleans. The fort was completed in 1700. Its building process was described in an account by Jesuit priest Paul du Ru, who accompanied Ibervilles expedition. The fort was built in stockade wood and defended by six guns, in order to protect the region from attacks and incursions by the English and Spanish. The fort was renamed Fort de la Boulaye&#39; and was commanded by Louis Juchereau de St. Denis.</p><br>
<p>In 1707, the Caddoan tribe, hostile to the presence of encroaching soldiers, forced them to abandon the fort and to go to the French settlement of Biloxi. Only the officer Juchereau de St. Denis, friend of the Caddo, was permitted to continue living in the fort. Garrisons of French troops occasionally visited the site. In 1714, Juchereau de St. Denis was assigned to lead a new expedition, with the objective of defending the western boundaries of Louisiana (New France). He established Fort des Natchitoches.</p><br>
<p>By the middle of the 18th century Fort de la Boulaye was abandoned. Tropical storms eventually destroyed this fort.</p><br>
<p>In the 20th century archaeologists conducted surveys and located the site of fort; they found remnants of palisade and building logs, burned poles, and evidence of a cannonball. The site has been designated a National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<p>St. Anne&#39;s Episcopal Church is a historic church at 29 Church Street in Calais, Maine. Built in 1853, it is a locally distinctive example of Carpenter Gothic architecture, and is the only known statewide work of architect James Renwick Jr. The church building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. It is a member of the Episcopal Diocese of Maine; its pastor is the Rev. Sara Gavit.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>St. Anne&#39;s is located in central Calais, at the northern corner of Church and Washington Streets. It is a single-story wood-frame structure, with a gable roof, board-and-batten siding, and a granite foundation. Its front facade, facing Church Street, has a buttressed four-stage tower to the right of the gable, and a smaller two-stage tower with open belfry on the left. The right tower houses the main entrance on the first level, a narrow lancet window on the second, the main belfry with louvered lancet openings on the third, and a large clock on the fourth; it is topped by a low jigsawn balustrade with corner pinnacles. The main gable, which has a stepped front, has a four-part stained-glass window with tracery at its center.</p><br>
<p>The church was built in 1853 to a design by James Renwick Jr. Best known for St. Patrick&#39;s Cathedral, New York (built 1858–73), Renwick was in 1853 overseeing construction of the Smithsonian Institution Building. This church is his only known Maine commission.</p><br>
<p>St. Alphonsus Church  is a historic former church building at 2029 Constance Street in New Orleans, Louisiana. Completed in 1857, it is one of the few surviving national examples of a richly multi-colored church interior predating the 1870s, and a high quality example of ecclesiastical Italianate architecture. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1996 for its architectural significance. It is now home to the St. Alphonsus Art and Cultural Center.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The former St. Alphonsus Church is located in New Orleans&#39; Lower Garden District neighborhood, on the north side of Constance Street, between St. Andrew and Josephine Streets. It has a complex and richly-decorated symmetrical façade, with a central entrance area flanked by two square towers topped by crosses. The façade is ornamented with pilasters, corbelled brick panels, and niches in which statues are mounted. The interior is also richly ornamented and has a coved plaster ceiling which have been painted with artwork by Dominique Canova. Its stained glass windows are Bavarian in origin, coming from F. X. Zettler. The floors are covered in mosaic tile.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Completed in 1857, St. Alphonsus served as a parish for the Irish Catholic community of the Lower Garden District section of the city. (Other churches nearby served the Francophone and Germanic Catholic communities, including St. Mary&#39;s Assumption Church, the church built across the street for the German Catholic community). As various parishes were merged later in history, St. Alphonsus was closed in 1979.</p><br>
<p>In the 1980s it was taken over by a local community group and now serves a community center.</p><br>
<p>The Shrine of St. Joseph is a Catholic church in St. Louis, Missouri in Columbus Square. The church began in 1843 when the Jesuits founded the parish to serve the residential community consisting mostly of German immigrants. The church is the site of the only authenticated miracle in the Midwestern United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>1846–1866</h3><br>
<p>After founding the parish in 1843, the Jesuits immediately instituted to build a church. Mrs. Ann Biddle a wealthy widow, known for her many philanthropic deeds, donated the land for the new church. The cornerstone for the new church was blessed by Bishop Kenrick on April 14, 1844. The completed building was a modest building which faced west toward 11th Street and was dedicated on the first Sunday in August, 1846 with Father James Van de Velde, later Bishop of Chicago, officiating.</p><br>
<p>Soon St. Joseph parish was a very active community. In 1862 a large parish school was built nearby, to care for the many children of the area. The School Sisters of Notre Dame staffed the school.</p><br>
<h3>1866–1880</h3><br>
<p>Just at this time a Jesuit missionary, Father Francis Xavier Weninger, came to St. Joseph&#39;s to preach.</p><br>
<p>Over the years the parish grew, it became obvious that the original church was no longer large enough to serve the congregation. It was decided to build a large addition to the old building and to revise the structure so that the entrance faced Biddle Street. Bishop Kenrick laid the cornerstone for this second St. Joseph in 1865.</p><br>
<p>Bueschers of Chicago, famous for their religious art work, were employed to carve an elaborate altar, which is designed as a replica of the Altar of St. Ignatius in the Jesuit Gesu Church in Rome, except that the figure of St. Joseph and the Christ Child are substituted for the figure of St. Ignatius. Beneath the central figures appear the words: "Ite ad Joseph", Go to Joseph.</p><br>
<p>Known as "The Altar of Answered Prayers" because of its origin, this beautiful work can still be seen at St. Joseph&#39;s Shrine, where it serves as the central altar. It was installed early in 1867, at a total cost of $6,131. The grateful parishioners raised the additional funds above their original pledge in recognition of their deliverance from the cholera epidemic.</p><br>
<p>The primary remodeling was completed in 1866. Father Pierre Jean De Smet, noted missionary to the Indians, officiated at the dedication services on December 30, 1866.</p><br>
<h3>1880–1954</h3><br>
<p>In 1880 the church was once again enlarged and remodeled. This work, which included the addition of an elaborate Romanesque face and twin towers surmounted with delicate cupolas, was completed in 1881.</p><br>
<p>Further alterations had to be made in 1954, under the supervision of the shrine&#39;s pastor, Father Anthony Corey. At this time, for reasons of safety, the beautiful original towers were shortened, and the cupolas replaced by heavier, hexagonal caps, thus considerably altering the exterior of the building, and detracting from its former beauty. This was after the Jesuits left the parish and was staffed by priest of the Archdiocese.</p><br>
<p>While owned by the Archdiocese of St. Louis the now Shrine of St. Joseph is leased to The Friends of The Shrine of St. Joseph, Inc. a not for profit 501(c)(3) corporation. All donations are tax deductible to the extent allowable by law.</p><br>
<h3>Restoration</h3><br>
<p>The church continued to flourish until after World War II. As the neighborhood began to decline, and parishioners were moving to the newer suburbs, attendance at Mass fell greatly. The church fell into a state of disrepair. The roof leaked, birds had occupied the belfries where droppings were feet deep. Water stained the paintings and the underlying plaster became cracked. For reasons not understood, many of the beautiful objects had been covered in gray paint, including the Stations of the Cross and the ornate carved pulpit.</p><br>
<p>Because of the dwindling parish and the extensive damage to the building, the Archdiocese had planned to tear it down.</p><br>
<p>In 1979, the elderly pastor, Father Edward Filipiak, refused to retire saying, “If I leave, they will close it. I would die for this church.” Three teenagers broke into the rectory to steal wine and murdered Filipiak. A small group of men were then determined to try to save the church. Slowly they raised money from donations. At the cost of hundreds of thousands of dollars and many man-hours, the church was fully restored. It is considered one of the most beautiful churches in St. Louis.</p><br>
<p>It is not a parish in the ordinary sense. While the building remains the property of the St. Louis Archdiocese, the operation and maintenance of the church are by The Friends of the Shrine of St. Joseph, a 501.c.3 non-profit organization. Masses are celebrated each Sunday and on First Fridays of each month.</p><br>
<h2>Devotions</h2><br>
<p>Novena to St. Joseph</p><br>
<p>After the 11 a.m. Mass nine weeks before the feast of St. Joseph.(March 19)</p><br>
<p>The Rosary is recited before 11:00 a.m. Sunday Mass.</p><br>
<p>After Sunday Mass, a relic of St. Peter Claver, a bone chip, is displayed for veneration. It is in a reliquary in the form of a cross.</p><br>
<p>The Alameda County Fairgrounds is a 270 acre facility located in Pleasanton, California. It is home to the annual Alameda County Fair, held since 1912, as well as numerous trade shows and community events. Located on its grounds, the Pleasanton Fairgrounds Racetrack was built in 1858, making it the oldest 1 mile horse racing track in the United States. There is a 3,000 seat amphitheater, as well as a 9-hole golf course located within the track&#39;s infield.</p><br>
<p>The Alameda County Central Railroad Society has maintained a model train exhibit at the fairgrounds since 1959, which has grown to two 15by100 foot layouts in O scale and HO scale.</p><br>
<p>Building J, also known as the Amador Pavilion, is a multi-purpose arena and livestock event facility at the fairgrounds. It was briefly home to the Tri-Valley Ranchers of the National Indoor Football League.</p><br>
<p>The Fair was not held in 1917–1918, 1942–1944 and 2020.</p><br>
<h2>Heathcote-MacKenzie House</h2><br>
<p>The Heathcote-MacKenzie House, also known as The Heritage House, was built on the site of the fairgrounds around 1905, to host wealthy harness racers from Canada who wintered their horses in Pleasanton. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<h2>Notable events</h2><br>
<p>Besides the annual fair, events regularly held at the fairgrounds include:</p><br>
<p>The Scottish Highland Gathering and Games, which dates back to the 1860s and is reported to be the largest two-day Scottish gathering in North America, celebrating its 150th anniversary in 2015.</p><br>
<p>The Pirates Of Emerson Haunted House</p><br>
<p>Several annual automobile shows managed by the Goodguys Rod & Custom Association</p><br>
<p>Night to Shine prom hosted by Cornerstone Fellowship</p><br>
<p>The Hamilton College Chapel, on the campus of Hamilton College in Clinton, NY, was completed in 1827.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The façade was designed by architect Philip Hooker, notable for his many designs of public buildings in Albany, NY, as well as for designing Hyde Hall in Springfield Center, NY. The conservative Federal style of the chapel is characteristic of Hookers work. The distinctive three story main body and interior design are credited to John H. Lothrop, a Hamilton College trustee. The design includes three bays on the eastern façade and eight bays of double hung windows along the north and south faces of the building. The mellow orange of the stone body of the chapel is Oriskany stone, while the corner quoins are of Trenton limestone. The Oriskany stone was quarried and laid by Reuben Wilcox of Whitestown, NY. The interior carpentry was done by Deacon Isaac Williams, of Clinton, NY. The tower of the eastern façade of the building is topped by a white, octagonal cupola. The quill weathervane atop the cupola is representative of Hamilton Colleges commitment to teaching students to write effectively.</p><br>
<h2>Uses</h2><br>
<p>The chapel was originally designed as classrooms and offices, as well as the chapel proper. Spaces in the building have been used for many purposes. Until 1872 the college library was housed in increasing portions of the top floor the chapel. From 1830-1855 the chemistry lab was lodged in the cellar. Commencement exercises were held in the chapel from 1898-1946. Currently, as well as for religious services, the chapel is used for public lectures, concerts and assemblies.</p><br>
<h2>Alterations</h2><br>
<p>Many changes have been made to the building. In 1877 the three faced clock still in evidence today was donated by John Wanamaker, of Philadelphia. In 1893, the steeple was restored. The current bell was installed in 1902, and electrified in 1950. Electricity was installed in the building in 1907, and fire fighting equipment in 1916. In 1949, the interior was remodeled. More recently, in 1999 the third floor office and meeting space was renovated. A tracker organ was installed.</p><br>
<p>The Schenley Farms Historic District, also referred to as the Schenley Farms–Oakland Civic District, is a historic district listed on the National Register of Historic Places that is located in the Oakland section of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.</p><br>
<p>It comprises two separately designated City of Pittsburgh historic districts: the Oakland Civic Center Historic District consisting of publicly and privately owned institutional buildings, and the adjacent Schenley Farms Historic District consisting mainly of a planned residential development of the early 20th Century. The Schenley Farms Historic District is roughly bounded by Forbes Avenue including the Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh on the south; South Dithridge and North Bellefield on the east, extending to include St. Paul&#39;s Cathedral and Rectory on Fifth Avenue and North Craig Street; Bigelow Boulevard, Andover Road, and Bryn Mawr Road on the northwest; and Thackeray Street through to Fifth Avenue on the southwest.</p><br>
<p>Noted for its late 19th And 20th Century Revivals architecture, it is home to a large portion of the campus of the University of Pittsburgh. The district comprises 154 contributing buildings, 31 of which are cultural or institutional buildings and 123 of which are residences in the northwest portion of the district. The historic district is a noted example of community planning and development following the City Beautiful movement that guided city planning and urban design in the United States from the mid-1890s through the first decade of the 20th century. The City Beautiful movement favored boulevards, parks, and formal civic buildings in the beaux-arts style.</p><br>
<p>In 1905, Franklin Nicola put forth a development plan in the City Beautiful style for Oakland, which included civic, social, residential, and educational zones along Bigelow Boulevard which ran through the heart of the neighborhood. The proposal centered on a series of monumental buildings created in styles evoking ancient Greece and the Italian Renaissance. Although Nicolas plan was not fully implemented, including a never-constructed Oakland town hall, it produced such landmarks as the Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Hall, the Masonic Temple (now the University of Pittsburghs Alumni Hall), and the Pittsburgh Athletic Association.</p><br>
<p>Other major landmark buildings were added to the historic district after the pursuit of Nicola&#39;s designs had ended, including the landmark Cathedral of Learning and Heinz Memorial Chapel of the University of Pittsburgh and Mellon Institute. Contributing buildings in the historic district date from 1880 to 1979. A contributing building, the University Place Office Building, was razed in 2011.</p><br>
<h2>Historic district sites</h2><br>
<h2>Book References</h2><br>
<p>Boxwood Hall State Historic Site, located at 1073 East Jersey Street in Elizabeth, New Jersey, is a historic house museum operated by the state of New Jersey. Boxwood Hall was built about 1750, and is a National Historic Landmark for its association with Founding Father Elias Boudinot , who lived here from 1772 to 1795. Boudinot, a lawyer, politician, and diplomat, was president of the Continental Congress 1782–83.</p><br>
<p>In 1772, Alexander Hamilton, another Founding Father, stayed briefly with the Boudinots while attending Elizabethtown Academy. In 1795, Boudinot sold the mansion to Jonathan Dayton, also a Founding Father and then speaker of the USA House of Representatives. Dayton lived at Boxwood Hall with his wife until dying in 1824.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Boxwood Hall is located east of downtown Elizabeth, on the north side of East Jersey Street between Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard and Morrell Street. It is a two-story wood-frame structure with a shingled exterior and brick end chimneys. The house has a symmetrical five-bay facade, with a tripartite Palladian window above the center entrance. In its original configuration (ca. 1750) the house had two wings bringing the number of rooms to eighteen. The main block is a classic four-over-four center hall construction.</p><br>
<p>The property has had many owners and uses in its 250-plus years. Originally it was built by Samuel Woodruff, a merchant and onetime mayor of Elizabethtown. After Woodruff&#39;s death in 1768, it passed to his son, but was eventually sold at public auction to Elias Boudinot in 1772. Boudinot lived here with his wife Hannah Stockton Boudinot and their two daughters and also offered shelter to the teen-aged Alexander Hamilton who was studying at the Elizabethtown Academy. The Boudinots remained in the house until the outbreak of the Revolution, when for safety reasons Hannah moved to a family property in Basking Ridge, NJ, and Elias assumed his duties as Commissary General for the Continental armies. It is currently not known how the house was used during the war.</p><br>
<p>In 1783, the Boudinots returned to their mansion and remained there until selling it in 1795 to Jonathan Dayton, then a Congressman. Dayton and his wife Susan, son Elias Jonathan and daughter Hannah moved into the house in 1795. Soon after, Dayton redecorated the front two rooms on the main floor, installing an Adamesque mantelpiece in the East parlor and a Federal mantelpiece in the West parlor. The financial reversal that was caused by his association with Aaron Burr and by extension with the Burr Conspiracy forced Dayton to sell the mansion to his son-in-law Dr. Oliver Hetfield Spencer while retaining life-rights for the remainder of his and Susan&#39;s lives.</p><br>
<h2>Modern status</h2><br>
<p>In the 1930s the building was threatened with demolition, and a nonprofit was formed to rescue it and turn it over to the state. It underwent restoration in the 1940s. The house is owned and operated by the State of New Jersey as a museum, overseen by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Parks and Forests.</p><br>
<p>Boxwood Hall was an important place of interest for the "Young Immigrant Hamilton Tour" led by the Alexander Hamilton Awareness Society, as part of the 2014 CelebrateHAMILTON events. The tour took place again in July 2016.</p><br>
<p>Gallier House is a restored 19th-century historic house museum located on Royal Street in the French Quarter of New Orleans, Louisiana.</p><br>
<p>It was originally the home of prominent New Orleans architect, James Gallier Jr. Construction began in 1857 and he moved in with his wife and children in 1860.</p><br>
<p>The fully furnished house includes a courtyard garden, elegant carriageway, and slave quarters. The interior is restored and furnished in the style of the 1850s. The home boasts numerous technological and architectural advancements for its time, offering a glimpse into 19th-century cutting-edge design. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1974 for its association with Gallier, one of the city&#39;s most important architects of the mid-19th century.</p><br>
<p>In 1996, the Woman&#39;s Exchange became the steward of this historic house after acquiring it from Tulane University. The Gallier House reflects an accurate and comprehensive historic restoration of one of New Orleans’ time-honored landmarks.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house is eclectic, combining Italianate features such as stucco treatment with classical elements like the formal front entrance. The stucco covering protected the soft, locally-made brick from erosion by wind and water. The building was constructed of brick-on-brick foundations which increase the width below the surface.</p><br>
<p>The front entry is protected by the original cast iron gate. Much of the cast iron in the French Quarter was purchased from catalogs, so it was not as unique as the wrought iron. The front gate of Gallier House, however, was designed by James Gallier Jr. specifically for this house.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>The former Grace Episcopal Church is an historic Episcopal church located on USA Route 1 half a mile northwest of its junction with 3rd Street in Robbinston, Maine, in the United States. Built in 1882, it is one of a series of churches along Maine&#39;s coast that was funded by summer residents, and is a fine vernacular expression of Carpenter Gothic architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001. It is now the museum of the Robbinston Historical Society.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Grace Episcopal Church is set on the east side of US 1, in the dispersed rural village of Robbinston, overlooking the St. Croix River. It is a single story wood frame structure, finished with a combination of clapboards and board-and-batten siding. Basically rectangular in shape, it has a porte-cochere to the right, whose broad low-pitch gabled roof extends to cover the main entrance. The front (west-facing) gable end is distinguished by Stick style woodwork at the peak, and a three-part round-arch window at the center, framed by a bargeboard surround. Triangular parapet walls present dormer-like projections from the gable roof, the left one topped by a brick chimney, the right one by an open belfry, which has a pair of chamfered posts supporting the crosspiece from which the bell is suspended. The belfry is topped by a cross-shaped finial.</p><br>
<p>The church was built in 1882 through the efforts of Dr. Peter Henry Steenstra, a minister from Cambridge, Massachusetts, who was a summer resident of Robbinston, and who had for several summers led religious services in less formal settings. Services ended in 1993, and the church was sold to the historical society in 2000, which uses it as its museum. Although it is not as elaborate as some of Maine&#39;s other coastal summer churches (or designed by an architect, as several were), its construction is representative of the trend for such buildings in the late 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The Hermann–Grima House is a historic house museum in the French Quarter of New Orleans, Louisiana, United States. The meticulously restored home reflects 19th century New Orleans. It is a Federal-style mansion with courtyard garden, built in 1831. It has the only extant horse stable and 1830s open-hearth kitchen in the French Quarter.</p><br>
<p>The house has been restored to its original splendor through archaeological studies and careful review of the building contract and inventories. The house is recognized as one of the earliest examples of American architecture in the French Quarter. The restoration accurately depicts the gracious lifestyle of a prosperous Creole family. Approximately one-half of the collection can be sourced to original families.</p><br>
<p>The Christian Womans Exchange (now The Womans Exchange), a local non-profit organization, purchased the property in the 1920s and ran it as a boarding house for single women until 1975. It was restored and reopened as a museum in 1975, and The Woman&#39;s Exchange still owns and operates the building today.</p><br>
<p>It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>William Brand designed and built the house in the Federal or Georgian style. This was not a commonly-used style in early 19th-century New Orleans. It features a symmetrical facade, an ornate doorway, and a wide central hall, but it is not purely Federal.</p><br>
<p>Brand took the basic form of a Federal-style house and added several cabinets, balconies, and galleries. The balconies and galleries are more typical of French Louisiana style architecture and were an adaptation necessary because of the warm climate. The slave quarters were built in the characteristic New Orleans style. There are no interior hallways; the balconies connect the rooms.</p><br>
<h2>Furniture styles</h2><br>
<p>There are four major styles of furniture in The Hermann–Grima House. Because the home was a private residence from approximately 1831 to 1924 there are several furniture styles that are appropriate to the museum&#39;s interpretation of the history of the house. The majority of the collection is generally classified as American Empire and early Victorian with many nice examples of more specific styles under both classifications.</p><br>
<h3>American/Late Empire</h3><br>
<p>American Empire style furniture was heavily influenced by the Neo-classical style of French Empire style furniture with comparatively straight lines and motifs evoking Greece and Rome. The difference in the American Empire Style can be found in the characteristic heavier feel than French Empire. The style was very fashionable between 1830 and 1850 and was still completely acceptable as solid and conservative well after that time. The Hermann–Grima House collection houses a substantial amount of furniture classified under this style.</p><br>
<h3>Restoration</h3><br>
<p>Restoration style is a sub-classification of the Empire Style. The reference is to the restoration of Louis XVIII to the throne of France after the defeat of Napoleon. It is also influenced by the French Empire style. It resembles Greek and Roman models, but the lines show more pronounced curve. This style was interpreted by United States cabinetmakers such as Francois Seignouret. Example of this style can be seen throughout the Hermann–Grima House, most notably in the dining room.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<h3>Pillar and scroll</h3><br>
<p>This early Victorian style heavily influenced American cabinetmakers such as Joseph Meeks. Meeks has a furniture outlet in New Orleans on Chartres Street, but his main office was in New York. The characteristics of this style are also based on Greek and Roman models but reflect simple construction and flat one-dimensional surfaces with pillars and scrolls supporting the pieces. They are machine-made or partially machine-made. There are several fine examples of this style of furniture in the Hermann–Grima House collection.</p><br>
<h3>Rococo Revival</h3><br>
<p>The Rococo Revival style became fashionable from roughly 1845 to 1860. Classicism gave way to Romanticism and a fascination with the past became the basis for an entire range of "Revival Styles". The most popular was the French Revival Style that recalled the days of Louis XV and Madame de Pompadour - the Rococo Revival style. The style was popularized in the United States by cabinetmakers such as Henry Belter and Prudent Mallard. The furniture emphasizes C-scrolls and S-scrolls with a light, feminine feel. Decorative carvings of fruit, flower and shell motifs were popular. The Hermann–Grima House has a beautiful Rococo Revival bedroom set and many other fine examples of this style of furniture.</p><br>
<h2>Families</h2><br>
<h3>Hermann family</h3><br>
<p>Samuel Hermann was born in 1777 in Rödelheim, Germany. He immigrated to Louisiana in 1804 and settled on the German Coast about twenty miles up river from New Orleans. His wife, Marie Emeranthe Becnel, was born in St. John the Baptist Parish in 1776. Samuel and Emeranthe were married in 1806 in St. John the Baptist Church. The Hermanns had four children. They were Samuel, Jr., Louis Florian, Lucien, and Marie Virginie. Samuel worked as an agent and broker for plantation owners and New Orleans merchants. They moved to New Orleans in 1813 and lived in various houses in the French Quarter. Samuel continued to act as a broker and expanded his business into mortgages, stocks and real estate.</p><br>
<p>The family purchased a lot on St. Louis Street in 1831 and Samuel hired architect, William Brand, to build a new residence. Mr. Brand built a Federal style house for the family. The house is now the Hermann–Grima Historic House Museum. In 1837, the English cotton market crashed, instituting a worldwide financial panic. Mr. Hermann&#39;s fortune was eventually lost due to the crash and he sold the home to Felix Grima.</p><br>
<p>The Hermann family continued to live in the French Quarter with their daughter and her family. Samuel Hermann died in 1851 and Emeranthe Hermann died in 1853. They are both buried in St. Louis Cemetery No.2.</p><br>
<h3>Grima family</h3><br>
<p>Felix Grima was the youngest child of Albert Xavier Grima, a native of Malta, and his wife, Marie Anne Filiosa, a native of New Orleans. Felix was born in New Orleans in 1798. He graduated from the college d&#39;Orleans, a creole school that emphasized the classics, then studied law with his brother-in-law. His wife was Marie Sophie Adelaide Montegut who was born in 1811. He and his wife lived on the corner of Bourbon and Toulouse, the future site of the French Opera House. Five of their children were born in the house and four more were born after they moved into the house at 820 St. Louis Street.</p><br>
<p>They moved into the former Hermann home in 1844 with Felixs unmarried sister and widowed mother. They were a well-read, cultured family. The museum now owns over two thousand books that belonged to the family. They were involved in the citys social life as well as the city&#39;s religious life. Mrs. Grima sponsored a St. Louis Cathedral sewing group and their youngest daughter sang in the choirs at St. Louis Cathedral and St. Augustine Church. The Grima family lived in the house at 820 St. Louis until 1921 when the last Grima living in the house sold it and moved to uptown New Orleans.</p><br>
<h2>The Christian Woman&#39;s Exchange</h2><br>
<p>The Christian Womans Exchange was founded in New Orleans in 1881 by Margaret W. Bartlett. Its original purpose was to provide a place where needy women could sell homemade products or family heirlooms. Throughout its history, the Christian Womans Exchange has been financially supported by prominent New Orleans women including, Mrs. Ira A. Richardson, Caroline S. Tilton, Mrs. Charles L. Howard, and M.L. Whitney. It was later renamed the Woman&#39;s Exchange, and is part of a larger movement.</p><br>
<p>In 1887, the Exchange acquired the Edwards House, on the corner of Camp and South Streets, which held a shop, a library, a lunchroom, and a rooming house for women. In 1924, the Exchange purchased the Hermann–Grima House at 820 St. Louis Street. As stated above, the building served as a rooming house for women until 1975, when it was converted to a house museum. In 1996, the Woman&#39;s Exchange became the steward of the Gallier House, a house museum, after acquiring it from Tulane University.</p><br>
<p>The organization&#39;s name change, omitting the word "Christian", was relatively recent&ndash;late 20th century or early 21st century.</p><br>
<p>Louisiana State Bank Building is a historic commercial building at Royal and Conti Streets in the French Quarter of New Orleans, Louisiana. Built in 1820, it was the last structure designed by nationally prominent architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe, who died from yellow fever in New Orleans before its construction. It has also been known as the Manheim Galleries building, from a long-time tenant. More recently, it has housed "Latrobe&#39;s", an event venue. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Louisiana State Bank Building is located west of Jackson Square, at the northern corner of Royal and Conti Streets. It is a two-story building, with stuccoed brick walls rising to a parapet that surrounds a low-pitch hipped roof. The first floor, higher than the second, has rounded blinds above the openings that house the windows and doors. The main entrance is recessed, and there are wrought iron balconies on both street-facing facades.</p><br>
<p>The Louisiana State Bank was founded in 1818, and was the first bank established in the new state of Louisiana following its admission to the Union. A competition was held for the design of its first building, whose results are not known. The commission was eventually awarded by Benjamin Henry Latrobe, then already a successful architect with documented portfolio of civic buildings including the Baltimore Basilica. Latrobe died in New Orleans in 1820. The building was completed in 1822 at a cost of $55,000. It has served a variety of commercial purposes over the years, including as the Manheim Gallery, an antique gallery, for much of the 20th century. During the buildings operation under Manheim, a roof was constructed between the main building and the service building, covering the exterior courtyard. As of 2014, a wedding and events business called Latrobes on Royal is operating in the building.</p><br>
<p>Oakland Plantation, originally known as the Jean Pierre Emmanuel Prudhomme Plantation, and also known as Bermuda, is a historic plantation in an unincorporated area of Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana. Founded as a forced-labor farm worked by enslaved Black people for White owners, it is one of the nations best and most intact examples of a French Creole cotton plantation complex. The Oakland Plantation is now owned by the National Park Service as part of the Cane River Creole National Historical Park.</p><br>
<p>It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since August 29, 1979. It is designated as a notable destination on the state&#39;s Louisiana African American Heritage Trail. It was designated a National Historic Landmark on January 3, 2001.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Oakland Plantation grounds and structures are within the Cane River Creole National Historical Park, in the National Park Service&#39;s Cane River National Heritage Area. The plantation is situated on a bend of the Cane River Lake, with access by Louisiana Highway 119 in the Bermuda community near the parish seat of Natchitoches. Oakland Plantation is located near the Magnolia Plantation, which is another National Historic Landmark within the Cane River Creole National Historical Park; and the Melrose Plantation.</p><br>
<p>Oakland Plantation is associated with the Atahoe Plantation (of Natchez), which was developed by one of the Prudhomme family. The Cherokee Plantation was built by a granddaughter of Jean Pierre Emmanuel Prudhomme. It is also associated with the community of Isle Brevelle, a local Creole community.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>19th century</h3><br>
<p>The original owners, Jean-Pierre Emanuel Prudhomme and his wife Marie Catherine (Lambre) Prudhomme, completed building the Oakland Plantation house in 1821. The family tradition claims that Oakland was one of the first plantations in the area to grow cotton on a large scale, which was cultivated and harvested by enslaved African Americans. They also raised and used farm animals, which were served by extant buildings, such as the dipping vat, the turkey shed, the mule barn, two pigeonniers, and several chicken coops.</p><br>
<p>The Prud&#39;hommes also owned and operated a general store on the plantation, which also housed the Bermuda USA Post Office for many years. The plantation flourished in the 19th century.</p><br>
<h3>20th century</h3><br>
<p>Descendant J. Alphonse Prudhomme won the gold medal at the 1904 Worlds Fair in St. Louis for growing the highest-grade cotton in the South.</p><br>
<p>The Cane River Creole National Historical Park was authorized by Congress in 1994, with support by US Senator J. Bennett Johnston (R-LA). In 1997, the National Park Service acquired the main buildings and surrounding land of Oakland Plantation for the park. The NPS has reached advanced stages in the preservation and conservation of the many outbuildings, and of the plantation house. They have completed furnishing interiors with furniture, paintings, and textiles as it was in the 1860s at the end of the antebellum plantation era.</p><br>
<p>The parks program includes interpretation of emancipation and the history of freedmen and Creoles of color, and their descendants, who lived and worked on Oakland Plantation for nearly 100 years after the American Civil War. They were all integral to the regions community life. The community has strongly associated the plantation with the Prud&#39;homme family, many of whose descendants still reside in the area today.</p><br>
<p>Oakland Plantation House is a historic mansion located Along LA 963, about 0.63 mi west of Gurley, Louisiana.</p><br>
<p>The house was built by Judge Thomas W. Scott in 1827. It has a wide front gallery, and the entrance is highlighted by two large double doors. Inside there are plank ceilings, Federal period woodwork, beaded board walls, and molded Adam style mantels.</p><br>
<p>Judge Scott&#39;s son-in-law, Iveson Greene Gayden, named the house after his Mississippi alma mater, Oakland College.</p><br>
<p>The house fell into disrepair until it was bought in 1976 by an attorney, William Hutchinson McClendon III, and his wife, Eugenia Slaughter, who have fully restored Oakland Plantation.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 3, 1980.</p><br>
<p>Magnolia Plantation is a former cotton plantation in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana. The site was declared a National Historic Landmark in 2001, significant as one of the most intact 19th-century plantation complexes in the nation, as it is complete with a suite of slave cabins and numerous outbuildings and period technology. Included in the Cane River Creole National Historical Park, Magnolia Plantation is also a destination on the Louisiana African American Heritage Trail. It is one of two plantations in the park; the other is Oakland Plantation.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This plantation can be traced to Jean Baptiste LeComte II, who received French and Spanish land grants in the mid-18th century. This began the plantation&#39;s recorded history. But the first structures were not built until the 19th century, and the plantation was not operating until 1830. Ambrose LeComte, son of Jean Baptiste, married Julia Buard. They began a tradition of community and cultivation on a vast piece of property. Two of their daughters, Laura and Ursula Atala, married two sons from the Hertzog family: Bernard Theophile Henry and Matthew Hertzog, respectively. Atala (LeComte) and Matthew Hertzog took over the plantation shortly after their marriage in 1852, thus linking the Hertzog name to Magnolia. "By 1860, Ambrose II owned multiple properties of over 6,000 acres. Cotton and other crops were cultivated and harvested by 275 enslaved persons housed in 70 cabins."</p><br>
<p>Magnolia Plantation is exceptional because of the surviving farming technology, such as the cotton picker tractors and two cotton gins (both steam- and animal-powered). It has 21 buildings that contribute to the significance of the site, an unusually high number for surviving plantations. Among these are the eight brick cabins of the original slave quarters, which contained 70 cabins for the numerous slaves. After the American Civil War, these cabins were used by freedmen, black sharecroppers whose families lived and worked on the plantation for 100 more years. With mechanization replacing workers, the number of cabins maintained gradually declined.</p><br>
<p>The plantation was also exceptional for its influence in the community and the Cane River area. The Hertzogs had to rebuild the plantation house and other buildings damaged in the Civil War. But for 100 years after the war, "the Hertzogs," as the place was familiarly known, served as the center of a larger community of blacks and Creoles of color who also lived and worked on the plantation. The blacks were mostly Protestants, whereas the Creoles of color were Catholic and mostly leased land as tenant farmers. They all felt they had a stake, along with the Hertzogs, in maintaining the productivity of the land. By the mid-20th century, mechanization of agriculture reduced the need for workers and many people left for urban jobs.</p><br>
<p>Sabin Gianelloni, Jr. purchased some part of Magnolia Plantation in August or September 1951 from Hertzog descendants and held it for a time. But Hertzog descendants continued to own and live in the main house until 2000; the last was Betty Hertzog, who lived most of her life in the house. The official group, Descendants of Ambrose John Hertzog and Sarah Jane Hunt Hertzog, took over after she decided to leave the house. It manages the house and agricultural farmland.</p><br>
<h2>Today</h2><br>
<p>The park portion of the plantation is owned by the National Park Service. The main house and the farming acreage is owned by the Descendants of Ambrose John Hertzog and Sarah Jane Hunter Hertzog. The Park Service has acquired 16 buildings, including the plantation store, the cotton gin, the Overseers House (or Slave Hospital); blacksmith shop and the brick quarters. It continues to improve their condition to preserve them for future generations. On December 29, 2022, the main house and surrounding grounds were added to the national historical parks authorized boundary.</p><br>
<p>The Cane River Creole National Historical Park is located at 5487 Louisiana Highway 119. The closest town is Derry, Louisiana. The park is open from Mondays to Fridays, from 8 am to 4:30 pm.</p><br>
<p>Homeplace Plantation House, also known as Keller Homestead, is a National Historic Landmark on Louisiana Highway 18 in Hahnville, St. Charles Parish, Louisiana. Built 1787–91, it is one of the nation&#39;s finest examples of a French colonial raised cottage. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1970 for its architecture. It is private property, and is not open to the public.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Homeplace Plantation House is located on the south side of the Mississippi River, in Hahnville, the parish seat of St. Charles Parish, about 0.5 mi south of the local post office. The plantation house is set on a landscape lot at the southwest corner of LA 18 and Home Place. It is a two-story structure, with a hip roof and a two-story gallery porch encircling the structure. The first floor is built out of stuccoed brick, as are the pillars that support the second level of the gallery. The bricks used in the pillars were formed in wedge-shaped molds. The upper gallery is built out of cypress, as are the second-floor walls, floors, and ceilings. The timbers used in the walls have been chinked with clay and Spanish moss. The interior retains some original features, including wine racks in two basement storage rooms, and marble flooring in the dining room.</p><br>
<p>The house was built sometime between 1787 and 1791, although it is unclear for whom. It was probably built by the same builder who constructed the Parlange Plantation House, with which it shares many similar features. It is, with Parlange, one of the best-preserved examples of this period of colonial French architecture. The house was owned in its early years by members of the Gaillard and Fortier families, and was purchased in 1889 by Pierre Anatole Keller.</p><br>
<p>The house is not open to the public. The unoccupied house continues to deteriorate. One elderly owner (93 years old) reported he was not able to do critical maintenance and repairs. Hurricane Katrina (in 2005) broke windows, damaged the roof of the house, and damaged the pigeonnier.</p><br>
<p>HomeplaceWM.jpgHomeplace and Plantation, 2005</p><br>
<p>2015 Rear.jpgRear view, 2015</p><br>
<p>The Brainerd Water Tower is located at Sixth and Washington in Brainerd in the USA state of Minnesota. Built in 1918, it was the first all-concrete elevated tank used by a municipality in the United States; even though it was replaced in 1960, it remains standing as an icon of the town. It is referred to as "Paul Bunyans Cup" or "Paul Bunyans Flashlight" by local residents. The similar Pipestone Water Tower, also made of concrete, located in Pipestone, Minnesota, is the only other water tower in the United States known to have been designed by the architect L.P. Wolff.</p><br>
<p>The Paramount Theatre is located at 125 4th Avenue NE, Austin in the USA state of Minnesota. The theater was built by Wagner Construction as an atmospheric theatre in 1929 to great fanfare, being the by first movie palace in Austin accommodating 914 seats with a small stage and orchestra pit.</p><br>
<p>The theatre was designed by Ellerbe & Co. of Minneapolis, and built on the foundations of the Park Theatre which was destroyed by a tornado in 1928. The owner of the Park Theatre, and Paramount&#39;s first manager, was Karl Lindstaedt.</p><br>
<p>Atmospheric design elements depict a Spanish villa under the stars. The lobby ceiling was painted with figures of dogs, winged creatures, and Spanish designs, and the exterior architecture is Spanish Baroque.</p><br>
<p>The Paramount hosted both movies and live shows in the 1930s and 1940s. In 1929, movie tickets were 10 cents for children and 50 cents for adults.</p><br>
<p>It served the town as a first-run movie theatre until it closed in 1975, the genre being quashed by television and mall cinemas. The last movie shown was The Godfather Part II. After closing as a theater, the building served as a disco, a nonalcoholic teen bar, and a comedy club.</p><br>
<p>In 1992, the Austin Area Commission for the Arts was formed to purchase and restore the building to its historic grandeur. Volunteers and donors, with the assistance of the Minnesota Historical Society, repaired plaster and masonry and replaced the seats. A stone spire that had been hit by lightning in the 1940s was also repaired. Precision Signs LLC of Austin, Minnesota recreated the original marquee from historical photos.</p><br>
<p>Now seating 622, this is one of only four such theaters in the state to be used as a theater. With a full year-long events calendar, the site hosts over 30 performing arts events each year and weekly movies. Key partners are Matchbox Childrens Theatre, Northwestern Singers, Austin (MN) Symphony Orchestra, World Music Series and the Minnesota Music Coalitions Carvan du Nord.</p><br>
<p>Kimberly Crest House and Gardens is a French château-style Victorian mansion located in Redlands, California. The property is a registered California Historical Landmark and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in 1897 for Mrs Cornelia A. Hill, one of the pioneers of Redlands. In 1905, John Alfred Kimberly, a co-founder of the Kimberly-Clark paper company, purchased the home to escape the Wisconsin winters, giving the family name to the property. When the Kimberly family purchased the property in 1905, Mrs Kimberly had the Italian gardens installed on the property. The family celebrated the holidays at the property with a 90 ft magnolia tree adorned with 6000 watts of light. The Kimberly family continued to live in the home until the death in 1979 of Mary Kimberly Shirk, the widowed daughter of John Alfred Kimberly.</p><br>
<p>Before her death, Mrs Shirk challenged the city of Redlands to raise the funds to purchase 39 acre of the property around the home and turn it into a botanical park. If the funds were raised, she promised to bequeath the mansion and the estate of 6.25 acre immediately around it to the city. The city raised the funds, and the surrounding grounds became known as Prospect Park. At her death, Mrs Shirk left the home to "the people of Redlands" and, using the proceeds from the sale to the city of the Prospect Park property, established the Kimberly-Shirk Association, which continues to care for the home today.</p><br>
<p>Prior to the conversion to a museum, the mansion served as one of the filming locations for the 1981 movie Hell Night, starring Linda Blair. In the film, tunnels were depicted, but the house and the estate have no such feature. Later, the grounds served as the setting of Fleetwood Mac&#39;s Big Love video. Shots depicting the inside of the home were filmed on a sound stage.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The three-story Victorian mansion was designed in the Châteauesque style by Oliver Perry Dennis and Lyman Farwell, a Los Angeles-based partnership. The building contains over 7,000 ft&sup2; of floor space. A near replica, now known as The Magic Castle, was designed by the same architects and erected in Hollywood in 1909.</p><br>
<h2>Gardens</h2><br>
<p>The gardens that surround Kimberly Crest are exquisite examples of the Italian style favored by Victorian homeowners at the turn of the 20th century. Mr Kimberly had the current gardens created in 1909, complete with statuary and koi ponds. Today the gardens are honorary members of the Inland Koi Society, which now maintains the lily ponds.</p><br>
<h2>The mansion today</h2><br>
<p>The Kimberly-Shirk Association has maintained the property since 1981 and continues the legacy of Mrs Shirk&#39;s involvement in civic events. Kimberly Crest is open to the public for tours and can also be booked for weddings and private events. Tours are Thursday, Friday, and Sunday. Tours are available every half hour with the last tour taking off at 3:30 pm.</p><br>
<p>Comertown is an unincorporated community in northeastern Sheridan County, Montana, United States. It was founded in 1913. Comertown is centered at {{coord|48|53|49|N|104|15|0|W|type:city}}  and located at an altitude of 2,270 feet .</p><br>
<p>Although the land around Comertown attracted numerous homesteaders during the first years following the railroad&#39;s completion, the region proved to be unsuited for intensive agricultural use, and by the 1920s Comertown was in decline.</p><br>
<p>The post office at Comertown operated from November 14, 1914, to June 30, 1957. A school and a cemetery were also established at Comertown.</p><br>
<p>In 1993, the entire community was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district.</p><br>
<p>The Holman Field Administration Building is a Kasota limestone building designed by Clarence Wigington and built in 1939 by WPA employees. It serves as the control building for the St. Paul Downtown Airport in Saint Paul in the USA state of Minnesota. The airport was named for Charles W. Holman, who won the USA air speed trials in 1930. The airfield was built on the former site of Lamprey Lake, which was filled with dredged material from the adjacent Mississippi River, which regularly floods the airport. Across the river in Indian Mounds Park is one of the last remaining airway beacons in the country.</p><br>
<p>During World War II, Northwest Airlines employed up to 5000 people at the site, modifying new B-24 Liberator bombers, some of which received the highly classified H2X radar, which proved to be an invaluable tool in the European theater.</p><br>
<p>A restaurant in the building is open to the general public, and allows viewing of the airfield.</p><br>
